While multiple studies have highlighted the ill effects of chemicals in beauty products, the latest research points to even greater evidence of the detrimental effect of chemicals in hair dyes and chemical straighteners on human health.
A 2024 study published in the European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Reproductive Biology concluded: “Hair products often contain chemicals…giving rise to concerns about the possible adverse effects such as hormonal disturbances and carcinogenicity.” The study also said that “associations of hair relaxer or hair dye use with breast and ovarian cancer were observed.”
Dr Monika Jani, gynaecologist and obstetrician at Bhailal Amin General Hospital in Vadodara, said that such studies call for greater awareness and caution among users.
Common chemicals used in hair dyes and straightening products contain chemicals that are endocrine-disrupting. These chemicals mimic, block or interfere with the body’s hormones, leading to significant health implications over time.
Some of the most widely used such chemicals are aromatic amines, which give dyes their colour. Then come parabens, which are used as preservatives and to stabilize fragrances. Parabens mimic estrogen in the human body. Formaldehyde in hair straightening products is an irritant for the eyes, lungs and skin in the short term, while it can have cancer-causing effects in the long term. Resorcinol and ammonia are other potentially harmful chemicals.
All these chemicals enter the human body through the scalp. Women are at greater risk because they tend to use these products more than men.
So, how does one minimise these risks?
The first is to minimize the use of these products. But if you must, remember that the darker a shade of hair dye is, the greater the concentration of chemicals is; thus, avoid these.
Turn to ammonia-free and paraben-free dyes. Natural and plant-based dyes are also a good alternative, though their colours might not last as long. Say no to chemical straighteners that contain formaldehyde. Instead, opt for keratin treatments that do not rely too much on chemicals—though these treatments, too, break the natural bonds in the human hair.
Also, make sure to conduct a patch test to see how well the skin responds to a product.
Lastly, read labels carefully and if any of the above chemicals are mentioned, do not use the product.
