A recent study has revealed that analysing blood vessels in the retina can predict the risk of stroke with the same accuracy as traditional risk factors, such as high cholesterol. This innovative approach eliminates the need for invasive lab tests, making it an ideal screening tool for primary healthcare and low-resource settings.
Researchers from the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital in Australia discovered that the intricate network of blood vessels in the retina shares similarities with those in the brain. By analysing these blood vessels, scientists can assess the damage caused by chronic health conditions, such as diabetes.
The study, published in the journal ‘Heart’, introduced a "vascular fingerprint" comprising 29 indicators of blood vessel health.
These indicators were derived from fundus images, the retina images captured with a fundus camera, of 68,753 individuals in the UK Biobank dataset. Over a 12.5-year follow-up period, nearly 750 participants experienced a stroke.
The researchers found that changes in the density, complexity, and twistedness of the retina's blood vessels were significantly associated with an increased risk of stroke. Specifically, a change in density was linked to a 10-19% increase in stroke risk, while changes in calibre and complexity were associated with a 10-14% and 10.5-20% increase, respectively.
The study's findings suggest that retinal vascular analysis can perform better than traditional risk stratification models in predicting stroke risk. This non-invasive screening approach can be easily implemented in primary healthcare settings, particularly in low-resource areas.
By using routine fundus photography, healthcare professionals can obtain retinal parameters and assess stroke risk. This innovative approach has the potential to revolutionise stroke prevention and early detection, enabling timely interventions and improved patient outcomes.
What are the conditions that can increase the risk of stroke?
1. High Blood Pressure: It is one of the leading causes of stroke. It occurs when the pressure of the blood in your arteries is too high.
2. High Cholesterol: High cholesterol levels can narrow the arteries, which can lead to stroke and other issues.
3. Heart issues: Common heart disorders can increase the risk of stroke.
4. Diabetes: It causes sugars to build up in the blood and prevent oxygen and nutrients from getting to the various parts of your body, including your brain.
5. Obesity: Excess body fat condition could also increase the risk of stroke