Scientists design soft robot that creeps like plant tendrils

Scientists have designed a soft robot that is able to curl and climb just like plant tendrils, an advance that may pave the way for shape changing wearable devices.

Researchers at Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) in Italy took inspiration from plants and their movement.

Plants have associated their movement to growth, and in doing so they continuously adapt their morphology to the external environment.

Even the plants organs exposed to the air are able to perform complex movements such as, for example, the closure of the leaves in carnivorous plants or the growth of tendrils in climbing plants, which are able to coil around external supports to favour the growth of the plant itself.

The researchers studied the natural mechanisms by which plants exploit water transport inside their cells, tissues and organs to move, and then they replicated it in an artificial tendril.

The hydraulic principle is called "osmosis" and is based on the presence of small particles in the cytosol, the intracellular plant fluid.

Starting from a simple mathematical model, researchers first understood how large a soft robot driven by the aforementioned hydraulic principle should be, in order to avoid too slow movements.

Then, giving the robot the shape of a small tendril, they achieved the capability of performing reversible movements, like the real plants do.

The soft robot is made of a flexible PET tube, containing a liquid with electrically charged particles (ions).

By using a 1.3 Volt battery these particles are attracted and immobilised on the surface of flexible electrodes at the bottom of the tendril; their movement causes the movement of the liquid, whence that one of the robot.

To go back, it is enough to disconnect the electric wires from the battery and join them, researchers said.

The possibility of exploiting osmosis to activate reversible movements has been demonstrated for the first time.

The fact of having succeeded by using a common battery and flexible fabrics, moreover, suggests the possibility of creating soft robots easily adaptable to the surrounding environment, thus with potential for enhanced and safe interactions with objects or living beings.

Possible applications will range from wearable technologies to the development of flexible robotic arms for exploration.